The Jadar region of Serbia is known for its traditional economic activities, particularly agriculture. It is also recognised for its ecological and biological diversity, with 101 habitat types, 31 of which are classified as priority habitats. The Government of Serbia approved the development of a jadarite ore mine (containing lithium and boron) in the populated, agriculturally productive area of Lower Jadar. In addition to standard mining operations, the extraction of lithium from jadarite requires new and emerging technologies due to its unique chemical composition. The potential consequences of lithium and boron extraction include extensive ecological degradation of the Jadar region.

Initial impacts would likely occur through soil, water, and air pollution, threatening existing economic and agricultural activities as well as, biodiversity. Mining operations will pose a significant threat to the region’s substantial groundwater reserves, with far-reaching effects beyond the immediate area.

The potential impacts discussed in this book aim to highlight the possible adverse effects of jadarite ore mining on natural habitats; plant species, domestic animal species, and wildlife as essential components of the environment; and ultimately, on human health in the Jadar region.